Humans typically have 22 pairs of chromosomes (one donated
from each biological parents) plus a 23rd pair that are the sex
chromosomes. Typically, a female human has two “X” chromosomes, and a male
human has an “X” and a “Y” chromosome—for a total of 46 chromosomes. A sperm is
the smallest human cell. The ovum is the largest human cell. With more research
and advanced equipment, however, it has been discovered that some individuals
have more than 46 chromosomes. Up to 49 chromosomes have been identified in
some studies. The extra chromosomes tend to be multiples of the two sex
chromosomes: “X” or “Y”.
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