Estrogen, Dopamine, & ADHD

Dr. Michelle Frank has raised a number of interesting questions related to the impact of estrogen on ADHD behaviors. Females typically have higher levels of estrogen than males. Also, estrogen has an impact on dopamine, the feel better brain chemical and a neurotransmitter that is quite strongly implicated in ADHD. Fluctuating estrogen levels can impact the intensity and presentation of ADHD symptoms. Women also continue to face gender-role expectations that do not always align favorably with the strengths and challenges of an ADHD brain. Females tend toward higher rates of self-harming behaviors along with lower levels of self-esteem than males with ADHD. Dr. Frank has also pointed out that in all individuals regardless of gender-identity, it is likely that gendered expectations of behavior might complicate how symptoms are perceived along with to what the symptoms are attributed or linked.

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